Dhaka, Mar 13 (V7N) - The Farewell Sermon (Khutbat al-Wada’), delivered by Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) in 632 CE during his final pilgrimage to Mecca, stands as one of the most profound and comprehensive addresses in Islamic history. Delivered to over 100,000 companions, this sermon encapsulates the core principles of Islam, emphasizing justice, equality, faith, and moral conduct. It remains a guiding light for Muslims worldwide, offering timeless lessons on unity, ethical behavior, and the responsibilities of individuals and communities. The Farewell Sermon is not just a historical event but a living legacy that continues to inspire and guide Muslims in their daily lives.

The Farewell Sermon was delivered during the Prophet’s (PBUH) final pilgrimage, known as the Hajj of the Farewell. Standing on the plains of Arafat, overlooking a vast gathering of believers, the Prophet (PBUH) addressed his followers with profound emotional and spiritual significance. This moment marked the culmination of his 23-year mission to convey the message of Islam. The sermon served as a heartfelt farewell, a final reminder of the values and principles that would guide the Muslim community after his passing. The location, Mount Arafat, holds immense spiritual significance in Islam, as it is considered the place where humanity will gather on the Day of Judgment. This setting added to the gravity of the Prophet’s (PBUH) words, making the sermon a deeply moving and unforgettable experience for those present.

Sanctity of Life and Property
The Prophet (PBUH) declared the inviolability of human life and property, equating their sanctity to that of the holy city of Mecca. He emphasized the importance of justice and honesty in all dealings, stating: "O people, just as this day, this month, and this city are sacred, so too are the lives and properties of every Muslim. Do not commit oppression, for you will be held accountable before Allah." This declaration reinforced Islam’s commitment to protecting human dignity and fostering a just society. It served as a reminder that every individual’s rights must be respected and upheld, regardless of their background or status.

Equality and Brotherhood
A central tenet of the sermon was the affirmation of human equality. The Prophet (PBUH) proclaimed:"No Arab has superiority over a non-Arab, nor does a non-Arab have superiority over an Arab; neither does a white person have superiority over a black person, nor does a black person have superiority over a white person—except through piety and good deeds." This powerful message rejected all forms of racial, tribal, or social discrimination, emphasizing that true superiority lies in moral character and devotion to Allah. It laid the foundation for a society built on mutual respect and brotherhood, where individuals are judged by their actions rather than their lineage or appearance.

Women's Rights and Responsibilities
The Prophet (PBUH) addressed the treatment of women, urging men to treat them with kindness and fairness. He stated:"O people, fear Allah regarding women, for you have taken them as a trust from Allah. Treat them with kindness and respect." He highlighted the sacred nature of marriage and the need for mutual respect, ensuring that women’s rights were protected in a society where they had often been marginalized. This message was revolutionary for its time, as it emphasized the importance of women’s dignity and their role in the family and society.

Adherence to the Qur'an and Sunnah
The Prophet (PBUH) urged Muslims to hold firmly to the Qur'an and his teachings (Sunnah) as a means to stay on the right path. He warned against deviation from these teachings, stating: "I leave behind me two things, and if you hold fast to them, you will never go astray: the Book of Allah and my Sunnah." This guidance underscored the importance of following Islamic teachings to ensure spiritual and moral success. It served as a reminder that the Qur'an and the Prophet’s (PBUH) example are the ultimate sources of guidance for Muslims.

Prohibition of Riba (Usury/Interest)
The Prophet (PBUH) condemned all forms of exploitative financial practices, including interest-based transactions. He declared:"All interest obligations shall henceforth be waived. The first usury I abolish is that of my own family, that of Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib." This marked a crucial step toward establishing an ethical economic system based on fairness and social welfare. It emphasized the importance of conducting financial transactions in a manner that benefits the community and upholds justice.

Universal Message of Islam
The Prophet (PBUH) emphasized that Islam’s message was intended for all of humanity, transcending any specific group or region. He urged those present to disseminate his teachings to those who were not able to attend, stating: "O people, convey my message to those who are absent, for perhaps the one informed may understand it better than the one who hears it directly." This call ensured the preservation and spread of Islam, inspiring generations to carry forward its teachings. It highlighted the universal nature of Islam, which is meant to guide all of humanity toward righteousness.

Final Reminder and Accountability
In a poignant moment, the Prophet (PBUH) reminded believers of their ultimate accountability before Allah. He asked the gathering whether he had faithfully conveyed Allah’s message, and they affirmed that he had. Raising his hands, he declared:"O Allah, bear witness that I have conveyed Your message to Your people." This moment marked the completion of his prophetic mission and underscored the importance of living a life of righteousness and accountability. It served as a reminder that every individual will be held accountable for their actions on the Day of Judgment.

The Impact and Legacy of the Farewell Sermon

The Farewell Sermon established foundational principles of Islamic ethics, human rights, and social justice. Its messages continue to influence Muslim societies and serve as a universal guide for humanity, transcending cultural and geographical boundaries. The farewell nature of this sermon is particularly poignant, as Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) passed away only a few months later, marking the completion of his divine mission.

The sermon’s emphasis on equality, justice, and moral conduct has inspired countless generations of Muslims to uphold these values in their personal and communal lives. It remains a cornerstone of Islamic teachings, reminding believers of their responsibilities to Allah and to one another. The Farewell Sermon is not just a historical event but a living legacy that continues to shape the lives of Muslims around the world.

The Farewell Sermon encapsulates the essence of Islam, offering a timeless message of justice, faith, equality, and responsibility. Its enduring relevance serves as a powerful reminder of the Prophet’s (PBUH) wisdom and the enduring values of Islam. Muslims are called to apply these teachings in their daily lives, upholding the principles of unity, compassion, and righteousness.

As we reflect on the Farewell Sermon, let us strive to embody its teachings, fostering a world built on justice, mercy, and faith. May we carry forward the Prophet’s (PBUH) message, ensuring that his legacy continues to inspire and guide humanity for generations to come.

The Farewell Sermon is a testament to the profound wisdom and compassion of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH). His words continue to guide the Muslim Ummah, reminding us of our responsibilities toward one another and our Creator. Let us cherish this divine message, striving to live by its principles, and fostering a world built on justice, mercy, and faith.

May Allah grant us the wisdom and strength to follow the noble teachings of His final Messenger. Ameen.

END/RH/