Dec 11, (V7N) - Bougainville, a mineral-rich Papua New Guinea (PNG) region, is preparing to declare independence by 2027, following a 2019 referendum in which an overwhelming 97.7% of voters favored secession. The timeline is part of an agreement stemming from the 2001 peace accord that ended a decade-long civil war in the region.

Bougainville President Ishmael Toroama reaffirmed the timeline during an investment conference in Sydney, stating that the "political timeline ends up in 2027." However, the independence declaration requires ratification by PNG’s parliament, a process that remains uncertain. Prime Minister James Marape expressed caution, noting that while the 2027 timeline is respected, parliamentary procedures will ultimately dictate the outcome.

Discussions between Bougainville’s leaders and the PNG government are ongoing, supported by a mediator, to clarify the steps needed for ratification.

A key component of Bougainville's post-independence plans is the potential reopening of the Panguna mine, once a cornerstone of PNG’s economy. The mine, closed in 1989 due to an uprising over environmental degradation and profit-sharing, holds vast reserves—over 5 million tonnes of copper and 19 million ounces of gold.

This year, significant progress has been made in the redevelopment of the mine, with Bougainville Copper Ltd granted an exploration license. Toroama emphasized the opportunities for investment in the project but did not provide a clear timeline for resuming operations.

Despite the mine's economic promise, environmental issues remain a pressing concern. A study commissioned by former operator Rio Tinto revealed lasting damage from mine tailings, which have permanently altered the Kawerong-Jaba River system. The report estimates it will take over a century for the river to recover naturally.

Bougainville’s quest for independence follows years of conflict that claimed up to 20,000 lives. The 2019 referendum, although non-binding, was a pivotal step in implementing the peace agreement. As the region moves toward its independence goal, its success hinges on resolving political, economic, and environmental challenges.

With significant mineral resources and growing international attention, Bougainville’s journey to self-determination may also shape broader discussions on governance and resource management in the Pacific.

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